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Leymah Gbowee
Leymah Roberta Gbowee (born 1 February 1972) is a Liberian peace activist responsible for leading a women's peace movement, Women of Liberia Mass Action for Peace that helped bring an end to the Second Liberian Civil War in 2003. Her efforts to end the war, along with her collaborator Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, helped usher in a period of peace and enabled a free election in 2005 that Sirleaf won. She, along with Ellen Johnson Sirleaf and Tawakkul Karman, were awarded the 2011 Nobel Peace Prize "for their non-violent struggle for the safety of women and for women's rights to full participation in peace-building work."〔"Kevin Conley, "The Rabble Rousers" in ''O, the Oprah Magazine'', Dec. 2008, posted at www.oprah.com/omagazine/Leymah-Gbowee-and-Abigail-Disney-Shoot-for-Peace-in-Liberia/2#ixzz1bTSs28cd. Retrieved 21 October 2011.〕
==Early life==
Leymah Gbowee was born in central Liberia on 1 February 1972. At the age of 17, she was living with her parents and two of her three sisters in Monrovia, when the First Liberian Civil War erupted in 1989, throwing the country into bloody chaos until 1996.〔Leymah Gbowee, ''Mighty Be Our Powers'' (New York: Beast Books, 2011), written with Carol Mithers, pp. 15-25 and p. 50〕 "As the war subsided she learned about a program run by UNICEF,... training people to be social workers who would then counsel those traumatized by war," wrote Gbowee in her 2011 memoir, ''Mighty Be Our Powers''.〔Leymah Gbowee, ''Mighty Be Our Powers'' (New York: Beast Books, 2011), written with Carol Mithers, p. 50.〕 She did a three-month training, which led her to be aware of her own abuse at the hands of the father of her two young children, son Joshua "Nuku" and daughter Amber.〔 Searching for peace and sustenance for her family, Gbowee followed her partner, called Daniel in her memoir, to Ghana where she and her growing family (her second son, Arthur, was born) lived as virtually homeless refugees and almost starved.〔Leymah Gbowee, ''Mighty Be Our Powers'' (New York: Beast Books, 2011), written with Carol Mithers, pp. 59-68〕 She fled with her three children, riding a bus on credit for over a week "because I didn't have a cent," back to the chaos of Liberia, where her parents and other family members still lived.〔Leymah Gbowee, ''Mighty Be Our Powers'' (New York: Beast Books, 2011), written with Carol Mithers, pp. 69.〕
In 1998, in an effort to gain admission to an associate of arts degree program in social work at Mother Patern College of Health Sciences, Gbowee became a volunteer within a program of the Lutheran Church in Liberia operating out of St. Peter's Lutheran Church in Monrovia, where her mother was a women's leader and Gbowee had passed her teenage years. It was called the Trauma Healing and Reconciliation Program (THRP), and it marked the beginning of Gbowee's journey toward being a peace activist:〔Leymah Gbowee, ''Mighty Be Our Powers'' (New York: Beast Books, 2011), written with Carol Mithers, pp. 80-81 and p. 82.〕 The THRP's offices were new, but the program had a history. Liberia's churches had been active in peace efforts ever since the civil war started, and in 1991, Lutheran pastors, lay leaders, teachers and health workers joined with the Christian Health Association of Liberia to try to repair the psychic and social damage left by the war.〔Leymah Gbowee, ''Mighty Be Our Powers'' (New York: Beast Books, 2011), written with Carol Mithers, p. 81.〕
As she studied and worked her way toward her associate of art degree, conferred in 2001,〔Leymah Gbowee, ''Mighty Be Our Powers'' (New York: Beast Books, 2011), written with Carol Mithers, p. 111〕 she applied her training in trauma healing and reconciliation to trying to rehabilitate some of the ex-child soldiers of Charles Taylor's army.〔(Leymah Gbowee Biography )〕 Surrounded by the images of war, she realized that "if any changes were to be made in society it had to be by the mothers". Gbowee gave birth to a second daughter Nicole "Pudu", making her the mother of four, as she engaged in the next chapter of her life's journey – rallying the women of Liberia to stop the violence that was destroying their children.〔(Leymah Gbowee, Women in Peace and Security Network Africa — NIEW INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2010 )〕
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